President Barack Obama has included funding in his 2012 budget proposal for development of the next generation of supercomputers, an exascale system.
The money is going to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which has led in developing the world’s fastest computers.
If Congress approves Obama’s request, DOE will get $126 million for exascale development, with about $91 million for the DOE’s Office of Science and $36 million of it for the National Nuclear Security Administration.
In seeking this funding, the Obama administration made a little history. A DOE spokesman said it marked the first time that the budget explicitly references “exascale.” The DOE budget had budgeted just over $24 million in 2011, but this was in context of “extreme scale” computing.
Exascale systems are 1,000 times more powerful than the Tianhe-1A, the Chinese supercomputer that was recently ranked as the world’s fastest.
The exascale funding is part of an overall DOE advanced-computing request for next year of $465 million, which represents a 21% increase over the 2010 budget, a two-year increase.
The White House isn’t comparing spending to the 2011 budget because Congress, for now, is funding the government through Continuing Resolutions, which could change the budget amount for this year. The current funding resolution expires March 4.
In setting aside money for exascale computing, the White House is planning for a predictable future in high-performance computing. Every 10 to 11 years, high-performance computing crosses a barrier , thanks largely to improvements in chip performance.
In 1997, ASCI Red, a computer at DOE’s Sandia National Labs, achieved 1.3 teraflops, or one trillion sustained floating-point operations per second. In 2008, IBM ‘s Roadrunner, at DOE’s Los Alamos National Laboratory, was the first system to reach one petaflop, capable of more than one thousand trillion (one quadrillion) operations per second.
An exaflop is a million trillion calculations per second, or a quintillion, and is a thousand times faster than a petaflop.
The development of an exascale system is estimated to be somewhere in the 2018-2020 time frame, but that is also contingent on the development of software systems that can utilize what may be 100 million cores.
Supercomputers are used for modeling and simulation, and the larger the systems the higher the resolution. An exascale system, for instance, may be able to simulate the workings of an entire human cell as well as improve forecasting and understanding of climate change.
Also, the advances needed to build these systems, such as faster networking, may ultimately find their way into business-class servers.
The DOE has not yet said how exascale funding will be used, but the supercomputing research community has active research efforts in progress. In the interim, DOE is now building 10 petaflop systems , such as the recently announced IBM system planned at Argonne National Laboratory.
